sWP2.4: Surface changes and restructuring

• New methodology for imaging restructuring electrode surfaces, e.g. based environmental TEM (UU) and ONEM (UL)
• Understanding the instability and surface changes on cathodes during CO2RR
• Mechanistic insights in metal (de)intercalation processes in battery electrodes and dependence on battery chemistry and operating conditions
• Metal plating and electrode degradation mitigation procedures

Fundamental insight into the atomic and nanoscale origin of electrode degradation phenomena is crucial for prolonging the lifetime of electrochemical devices for electrochemical energy conversion. New imaging techniques in combination with state-of-the art operando spectroscopy and systematic experiments are essential in achieving these fundamental insights, which will allow improvement of [???].